Lancelot Andrewes was born in 1555 near All Hallows, Barking, by the Tower of London. He was an English bishop and scholar, who held high positions in the Church of England during the tumultuous reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. During the latter, he served successively as Bishop of Chichester, of Ely, and of Winchester and oversaw the translation of the King James Version of the Bible.
In 1571, at the age of 16, he was sent to study at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, proceeding to a Master of Arts degree 7 years later. His academic reputation spread so quickly that on the foundation in 1571 of Jesus College, Oxford he was named in the charter as one of the founding scholars. In 1576 he was elected a fellow of Pembroke College and in 1580 he was ordained a priest. Once a year he would spend a month vacation with his parents and would use the time to learn a foreign language.
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, he became vicar of St Giles, Cripplegate, in the City of London, and developed a reputation as a preacher. He also firmly vindicated the reformed character of the Church of England, although he was no Calvinist and regularly criticised Calvinist doctrine and decried the Calvinistic notes in the Geneva translation of the Bible. By March 1590, he had become chaplain to Elizabeth I, where he continued to preach outspoken sermons, even in front of the Queen.
On the accession of James I, Andrewes rose into great favour. He assisted at the coronation, and his name was first on the list of those appointed to compile the Authorized (‘King James’) Version of the Bible, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611. Here he took charge of the first books of the Old Testament (Genesis to 2 Kings) and acted as a sort of general editor for the whole project.
In November 1605 he was consecrated Bishop of Chichester, and, following the Gunpowder Plot in the same month, preached a sermon to be presented to the king on the need to celebrate deliverance from what could have been a disaster for English democracy.
In 1617 he accompanied James I to Scotland with a view to persuading the Scots that they were better off with a church system based on Bishops, rather than their preferred Presbyterianism. As history shows, he was not entirely successful in this venture. In 1619 he was made Bishop of Winchester, a diocese that he administered with great success.
Lancelot Andrewes died on 25 September 1626, in Winchester Palace, the bishop's residence in Southwark, and buried in St Saviour's Church (now Southwark Cathedral, then in the Diocese of Winchester). His tomb can be found immediately behind the high altar. He is commemorated each year on 25th September in the Anglican lectionary.
He is chiefly remembered for his style of preaching. But his major contribution to Anglicanism is in the way he positioned the church as equally removed from the Protestant and the Roman positions. He had a clear sense of proportion and maintained a distinction between what is fundamental to the faith and what is subsidiary. He embraced the Thirty-nine Articles of Anglicanism and emphasised a positive and constructive statement of the Anglican position.
Picture above: Lancelot Andrewes in a stained glass window in Chester Cathedral cloister by Mum's taxi. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.